Fiqh definition
Fiqh means understanding the speaker's purpose of his speech or understanding the subtle things
Fiqh, technically speaking, is the knowledge of practical legal rulings deduced from their detailed evidence.
Since this science was deduced from the evidence of Islamic legislation based on the two principles: the Qur’an and Sunnah.
this jurisprudence was called Islamic jurisprudence, meaning that Islamic legislation is its source and foundation.
Islamic jurisprudence is the science that searches for the legal ruling for every saying or action.
Ibn Faris said, “Every knowledge of something is jurisprudence, and jurisprudence on the tongue of the
bearers of Sharia is a special science.”
Likewise is knowledge of a thing and understanding of it, and prudence in it
Fiqh has prevailed over the science of religion for its honor.
the Almighty said:
"قَالُواْ يَا شُعَيْبُ مَا نَفْقَهُ كَثِيراً مِّمَّا تَقُولُ"
They said:
"O Shu'aib! much of what thou sayest we do not understand! In fact among us we see that thou hast no strength! Were it not for thy family, we should certainly have stoned thee! for thou hast among us no great position!"
jurisprudence learning is an individual obligation
Learning jurisprudence is an individual obligation on an adult who is able to learn to perform the duties and obligations that his Creator commanded him, such as how to perform ablution, prayer, fasting, and so on.
It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said: "Seeking knowledge is a duty upon every Muslim, and he who imparts knowledge to those who do not deserve it, is like one who puts a necklace of jewels, pearls and gold around the neck of swines."
Allah almighty say:
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُواْ فِى ٱلْمَجَٰلِسِ فَٱفْسَحُواْ يَفْسَحِ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ ٱنشُزُواْ فَٱنشُزُواْ يَرْفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمْ وَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلْعِلْمَ دَرَجَٰتٍۢ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
is it necessary for a person to learn performing ablution and prayer in a specific age?
It is not necessary for a person to learn how to perform ablution and prayer and the like, except after it is obligatory for him to do so.
If Muslim delayed learning Fiqh until the time of obligation, then the correct view of the Shafi’is is that they must advance learning before the time of the obligation
because they will not be able to complete their learning with the action on time.
meanwhile, Muslim needs to start learning and training on obligations in advance before they reach the time ıf takleef (adulthood), so that they be ready to apply what they have previously learned when the time of obligation starts
It is also obligatory to go for Friday prayer before its time for those whose house is far from the mosque, because what is the obligatory not complete without is an obligatory.
If the duty was done immediately, then learn the method immediately, and if it was due to slackness, such as the pilgrimage, then learn how to be sluggish. Then what is required of an individual from all of that is what often depends on the performance of the duty
Knowledge of practical legal rulings Jurisprudence rulings relate to practical issues that relate to people’s physical actions in their daily worship and dealings, and the practical rulings correspond to doctrinal rulings and rulings of righteousness of the heart, which is what is called the science of ethics.
Fiqh is derived from Sharia, i.e. the Qur’an and Sunnah This means that the rulings are considered from the science of jurisprudence unless they are based on known sources of Sharia, i.e. the evidence of Sharia, the Qur’an and Sunnah. Islamic law or Islamic jurisprudence is not man-made, but rather religious legislation based on religious sources.