Definition of the science of inheritance
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" " يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ تَعَلَّمُوا الْفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهَا فَإِنَّهُ نِصْفُ الْعِلْمِ وَهُوَ يُنْسَى وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ شَىْءٍ يُنْتَزَعُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي .
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “O Abu Hurairah. Learn about the inheritance and teach it, for it is half of knowledge, but it will be forgotten. This is the first thing that will be taken away from my nation.’”
The science of inheritance: It is the science that studies the jurisprudence of inheritance and how to calculate it, that is, knowing who inherits and who does not, and it is called the science of Fara'edالفرائض.
The importance of the science of inheritance
Islam paid great attention to the science of inheritance, as the text in the Qur’anic verses regarding this science came clearly, as the verses and the honorable prophetic hadiths mentioned the division of each heir from the heirs in detail, and in all cases this is nothing but an abolition of what people used to do in the pre-Islamic era, as the heirs were confined to men, the category participating in the fighting, as for women and young males, they have no heirs
And when Islam came, it abolished what the people had been doing in the pre-Islamic era, and assigned each of the deserving heirs his share and divided it according to what the legislator deems appropriate, and in accordance with the wisdom of Allah
The obligation to act on the provisions of all inheritances. These provisions are contained in established texts from the holy Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet, and it is not possible to deny them or transcend knowledge of them, as it is the same as prayer, zakat and other duties, so whoever abandons them is as if he left the duties he was commanded to perform.